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Nursing Ethics
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Development of the Perceptions of Conscience Questionnaire

Vera Dahlqvist

Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, vera.dahlqvist{at}nurs.umu.se

Sture Eriksson

Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

Ann-Louise Glasberg

Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

Elisabeth Lindahl

Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

Kim Lü tzén

Ersta Sköndal University College, Stockholm, Sweden

Gunilla Strandberg

Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

Anna Söderberg

Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

Venke Sørlie

University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Astrid Norberg

Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

Health care often involves ethically difficult situations that may disquiet the conscience. The purpose of this study was to develop a questionnaire for identifying various perceptions of conscience within a framework based on the literature and on explorative interviews about perceptions of conscience (Perceptions of Conscience Questionnaire). The questionnaire was tested on a sample of 444 registered nurses, enrolled nurses, nurses’ assistants and physicians. The data were analysed using principal component analysis to explore possible dimensions of perceptions of conscience. The results showed six dimensions, found also in theory and empirical health care studies. Conscience was perceived as authority, a warning signal, demanding sensitivity, an asset, a burden and depending on culture. We conclude that the Perceptions of Conscience Questionnaire is valid for assessing some perceptions of conscience relevant to health care providers.

Key Words: conscience • health care • questionnaire

Nursing Ethics, Vol. 14, No. 2, 181-193 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0969733007073700
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